In these seminars, she taught interpersonal concepts and interviewing techniques and individual, family, and group therapy. Peplau was an advisor to the World Health Organization and was a visiting professor at universities in Africa, Latin America, Belgium, and throughout the United States. A strong advocate for graduate education and research in nursing, Peplau served as a consultant to the U.
Surgeon General, the U. She participated in many government policy-making groups. Peplau was devoted to nursing education at the full length of her career. After she retired from Rutgers, she served as a visiting professor at the University of Leuven in Belgium in and There she helped establish the first graduate nursing program in Europe.
She was the only nurse who served the ANA as executive director and later as president. Her fifty-year career in nursing left an unforgettable mark on the field and the mentally challenged lives in the United States. During the peak of her career, she became the founder of modern psychiatric nursing, an innovative educator, advocate for the mentally ill, proponent of advanced education for nurses, Executive Director and then President of the ANA, and prolific author. Like any other famous personalities, her life was often marked with controversy, which she faced with boldness, prowess, and conviction.
Her theory is discussed further below. To Whom? For What? Her book on her conceptual framework, Interpersonal Relations in Nursing, was completed in Publication took four additional years because it was groundbreaking for a nurse to contribute this scholarly work without a co-authoring physician. In , Springer published a volume of selected works of Peplau from previously unpublished papers. Her ideas have, indeed, stood the test of time. The archives of her work and life are housed at the Schlesinger Library at Harvard University.
Peplau was acknowledged with numerous awards and honors for her contributions to nursing and held 11 honorary degrees. She was also elected fellow of the American Academy of Nurse and Sigma Theta Tau, the national nursing honorary society.
This award is given once every four years for outstanding national and international contributions to nursing and healthcare. She is survived by Dr. Leitia Anne Peplau and her husband, Dr. The family requested that memorial contributions be made to the Peplau Research Fund through the American Nurses Foundation.
The need for a partnership between nurse and client is very substantial in nursing practice. This definitely helps nurses and healthcare providers develop more therapeutic interventions in the clinical setting. Through these, Hildegard E. Nursing can be viewed as an interpersonal process because it involves interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal. In nursing, this common goal provides the incentive for the therapeutic process in which the nurse and patient respect each other as individuals, both of them learning and growing due to the interaction.
An individual learns when she or he selects stimuli in the environment and then reacts to these stimuli. It emphasized the give-and-take of nurse-client relationships that was seen by many as revolutionary. The four components of the theory are person , which is a developing organism that tries to reduce anxiety caused by needs; environment , which consists of existing forces outside of the person and put in the context of culture; health , which is a word symbol that implies a forward movement of personality and nursing , which is a significant therapeutic interpersonal process that functions cooperatively with another human process that makes health possible for individuals in communities.
The nursing model identifies four sequential phases in the interpersonal relationship: orientation , identification , exploitation , and resolution. She is the only person to have been both the executive director and the president of ANA.
She was a member of many local, state and federal nursing committees and a consultant to many organizations, including the World Health Organization and the U. Air Force. Peplau was committed to nursing education throughout her career. Initially, the patient observes the nurse as a stranger and the relationship must be treated with respect, seeking knowledge of details that will subsequently help the cooperation of both.
The nurse offers answers to the patient's problem and provides explanations about the care plan to follow to provide solutions. In this function two types of learning are mixed: instructive, which is based on knowledge through information by different means; and experimental learning, based on the practical activities that are carried out as part of the care plan offered by the nurse. It is one of the functions in which the theory of cooperation and interpersonal relationship between the patient and the nurse is applied, since both must participate actively towards the objectives set at the beginning of the relationship.
For the patient, the nurse becomes a substitute for someone whom he remembers with similarity. At this point the nurse must help create differences and there is a relationship of dependence and independence between them. For Peplau, it is the most important function of the relationship, since it is when the nurse assists in giving answers and observations of the reality, of the current situation to the patient, with the aim of helping him to understand what is happening and to overcome the needs.
Although Hildegard Peplau's theory was pioneering for the moment, some of its theoretical contributions were not well perceived in the first years of its publication. However, the application of his theory expanded in the professional field of nursing because it promotes a conglomeration of behavioral, social and psychotherapeutic theories that together seek to solve an unmet need, through cooperation, motivation and Personal development.
Therefore, the Peplau model is currently part of nursing studies in various institutes around the world and continues to be a benchmark for research and psychotherapeutic work. General culture History biology Other phrases Literature.
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