Indwelling "suprapubic" catheters go above your pubic bone through a small surgical cut in the belly. With both types, a balloon holds the tube in your bladder. They both also drain urine into a bag outside the body. A health care provider will place the Foley catheter in your urethra. The catheter can be managed by home care nurses when used long term. A urologist places the suprapubic catheter with minor surgery. A Foley catheter should only be used for less than 2 years.
If you need an indwelling catheter for a longer period of time, you should consider a suprapubic catheter. Because the suprapubic catheter is only in the bladder, there is less risk of bacteria growing because it is away from the vagina and rectum. That means less risk of urinary tract infections, especially in women. Both Foley and suprapubic catheters need to be replaced with a new catheter at least once every month. This also lowers the risk of infection.
Both catheters can cause complications if used for a long time. Bladder, testicle males , and kidney infections, bladder stones and bladder cancer can occur. Foley catheters can cause permanent damage to the urethra. Foley and suprapubic catheters should be taped or strapped to the upper thigh or lower belly.
This lowers the chance of injury if the catheter is tugged accidentally. Catheters are made from latex with Teflon coating or silicone. The choice depends on a person's allergies and the health care provider's preference. Some catheters are coated with antibiotics to prevent infection. There is debate about whether this works. Indwelling catheters vary in shape, tube size and tip. They are sized using the French Fr scale.
Size 14 Fr is the most common size. A balloon is inflated once the catheter is inserted. This keeps the catheter from falling out. The balloon is usually filled with about 2 teaspoons of sterile water. For men, there are external collecting systems called condom or Texas catheters. These special condoms are rolled over the penis. They are kept in place by adhesive or straps. The condoms have holes at the tip. A tube goes from the hole to a drainage bag.
Urine from incontinence collects in the drainage bag. Newer condoms are usually silicone. They come in sizes, with a sizing guide. This device may be hard to use if you have problems with finger dexterity. A caregiver or family member would need to apply the condom catheter. Adhesive pouches may be better for men whose penis has retracted drawn back. An external collection device for women funnels urine from a pouch through a tube to a collecting device. These must be stuck to the outside of the labia.
They are rarely used as the labia do not form a good water tight seal, so urine leaks. Both indwelling and external collecting devices are connected to drainage bags. They collect urine coming out of the bladder. Drainage bags come in different sizes.
Overnight bags hold to milliliters 1. These are large and cannot be hidden. A leg bag is a smaller drainage bag. It holds to milliliters. It allows more freedom of movement. It can be hidden under clothing. It can be strapped to the thigh or calf. A new type, called the Belly Bag, is strapped to the belly. Drainage bags work by gravity. So they should be strapped somewhere below the bladder.
When choosing a bag, make sure the strap is not too restrictive or tight. The valve that drains urine from the bag should be easy to open. Drainage bags can be cleaned and deodorized. Soak 20 minutes in a solution of two parts vinegar and three parts water. Intermittent catheterization is also called "in and out" catheterization. It is also called "clean intermittent catheterization" CIC. Because it is clean you don't need gloves and sterile preparation.
A catheter is inserted in the urethra 3 to 5 times a day. After you empty your bladder, you remove the catheter and throw it away. You or a caretaker can insert the catheter. You don't have to wear it all the time. This lowers the chance of infection. Consider keeping a diary of when you urinate and when you have leaks, recommends Wright.
You may be able to cut down on bladder leaks by avoiding certain foods, drinks and ingredients, including:. Research has found that overweight and obese women who lose weight report fewer episodes of bladder leakage. These require practice, Wright says. You may need a professional—your doctor or a physical therapist—to show you how to do them properly.
Depending on the type of incontinence you have, your doctor may recommend one of the following treatments, Wright says:. What Causes Bladder Leaks? Urinary incontinence can be caused by everyday habits, underlying medical conditions or physical problems.
A thorough evaluation by your doctor can help determine what's behind your incontinence. Certain drinks, foods and medications may act as diuretics — stimulating your bladder and increasing your volume of urine. They include:. Urinary incontinence can also be a persistent condition caused by underlying physical problems or changes, including:.
Urinary incontinence care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Urinary incontinence — the loss of bladder control — is a common and often embarrassing problem. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Female urinary system Open pop-up dialog box Close. Female urinary system Your urinary system — which includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — removes waste from your body through urine.
Male urinary system Open pop-up dialog box Close. Male urinary system Your urinary system — which includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — removes waste from your body through urine. You can also buy pads or protective underwear while you take other steps to treat urinary incontinence. These are sold in many stores that also sell feminine hygiene products like tampons and pads. Kegel exercises, also called Kegels or pelvic floor muscle training, are exercises for your pelvic floor muscles to help prevent or reduce stress urinary incontinence.
Your pelvic floor muscles support your uterus, bladder, small intestine, and rectum. Four in 10 women improved their symptoms after trying Kegels. They can help prevent the weakening of pelvic floor muscles, which often happens during pregnancy and childbirth. Your pelvic floor muscles may also weaken with age and less physical activity. Some women have urinary symptoms because the pelvic floor muscles are always tightened. In this situation, Kegel exercises will not help your urinary symptoms and may cause more problems.
Talk to your doctor or nurse about your urinary symptoms before doing Kegel exercises. If you are uncomfortable or uncertain about doing Kegel exercises on your own, a doctor or nurse can also teach you how to do Kegels. A pelvic floor physical therapist or other specialist may also be available in your area to help teach you how to strengthen these muscles.
It may take 4 to 6 weeks before you notice any improvement in your symptoms. Kegel exercises work differently for each person. Your symptoms may go away totally, you may notice an improvement in your symptoms but still have some leakage, or you may not see any improvement at all.
You may need to continue doing Kegel exercises for the rest of your life. Even if your symptoms improve, urinary incontinence can come back if you stop doing the exercises. Many people with urinary incontinence think they need to drink less to reduce how much urine leaks out. But you need fluids, especially water, for good health. But alcohol and caffeine can irritate or stress the bladder and make urinary incontinence worse.
Women need 91 ounces about 11 cups of fluids a day from food and drinks. After age 60, people are less likely to get enough water, putting them at risk for dehydration and conditions that make urinary incontinence worse.
If steps you can take at home do not work to improve your stress incontinence, your doctor may talk to you about other options:. If steps you can take at home do not work to improve your urge incontinence, your doctor may suggest one or more of the following treatments:. For more information about urinary incontinence, call the OWH Helpline at or contact the following organizations:. Department of Health and Human Services. ET closed on federal holidays.
Breadcrumb Home A-Z health topics Urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence is the loss of bladder control. What is urinary incontinence? Urinary incontinence is the loss of bladder control, or leaking urine. Who gets urinary incontinence?
Why does urinary incontinence affect more women than men? What are the types of urinary incontinence that affect women? The two most common types of urinary incontinence in women are: Stress incontinence. This is the most common type of incontinence. It is also the most common type of incontinence that affects younger women. Stress incontinence can happen when weak pelvic floor muscles put pressure on the bladder and urethra by making them work harder.
With stress incontinence, everyday actions that use the pelvic floor muscles, such as coughing, sneezing, or laughing, can cause you to leak urine. Sudden movements and physical activity can also cause you to leak urine.
Urge incontinence. With urge incontinence, urine leakage usually happens after a strong, sudden urge to urinate and before you can get to a bathroom. Some women with urge incontinence are able to get to a bathroom in time but feel the urge to urinate more than eight times a day.
They also do not urinate much once they get to the bathroom. What are the symptoms of urinary incontinence? In addition to urinary incontinence, some women have other urinary symptoms: 4 Pressure or spasms in the pelvic area that causes a strong urge to urinate Going to the bathroom more than usual more than eight times a day or more than twice at night Urinating while sleeping bedwetting.
What causes urinary incontinence? Other causes of urinary incontinence include: Overweight. Having overweight puts pressure on the bladder, which can weaken the muscles over time. A weak bladder cannot hold as much urine.
Problems with bladder control can happen to people with long-term chronic constipation. Constipation, or straining to have a bowel movement, can put stress or pressure on the bladder and pelvic floor muscles.
This weakens the muscles and can cause urinary incontinence or leaking. Nerve damage. Damaged nerves may send signals to the bladder at the wrong time or not at all. Childbirth and health problems such as diabetes and multiple sclerosis can cause nerve damage in the bladder, urethra, or pelvic floor muscles.
This can cause urinary incontinence. Sometimes urinary incontinence lasts only for a short time and happens because of other reasons, including: Certain medicines. The incontinence often goes away when you stop taking the medicine. Drinks with caffeine can cause the bladder to fill quickly, which can cause you to leak urine.
Studies suggest that women who drink more than two cups of drinks with caffeine per day may be more likely to have problems with incontinence.
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